Essentials
- Seed in date, from a source you trust. Check the packet for sowing time and depth.
- Seed-starting mix, sterile and fine (see choosing a mix).
- Containers with drainage holes, plus a tray underneath (choosing a container).
- Labels and a pencil or waterproof pen.
- A way to water gently: a can with a fine rose, a mister, or a tray for watering from below (watering).
- A clear lid, glass or a bag to hold moisture until seedlings appear.
- A bright place. A south- or west-facing windowsill or a greenhouse (RHS).
Worth adding
- A heat mat or heated propagator for warmth-loving crops like peppers and tomatoes; extension guides give 65 to 75°F (about 18 to 24°C) for germination.
- A grow light on a timer when window light is weak. Clemson says window light is usually not enough and produces leggy seedlings (light).
- A small fan for gentle air movement once seedlings have two true leaves (Clemson).
- A liquid fertiliser for use from the first true leaves (fertilising).
- A thermometer. A guess at temperature is where many failures begin.
You do not need
Special "starter kits", sprays or additives. Clean containers and fresh mix prevent more problems than any product.